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| ItchBase |
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Sweet Itch in
Horses Sommerekzem bei Pferden |
| General Information | Info Menu |
| Inleiding
De interactieve database voor staart- en maneneczeem ("zomereczeem") bij paarden
Wetenswaardigheden en nuttige informatie
Waarom een database?
Staart- en maneneczeem is een ziektebeeld dat de kwaliteit van het leven van duizenden paarden - in Europa bijvoorbeeld vooral de vertegenwoordigers van Noordeuropese ponyrassen - nadelig beïnvloedt. Als hoofdzakelijke veroorzakers gelden sommige van de ca. 50 soorten Culicoides (kriebelmuggen). Volgens bepaalde publicaties zijn er 120 soorten, ja zelfs het getal 800 wordt genoemd. Deze minuscule insecten (ze wegen per stuk 1/1700 gram) zijn actief in de maanden maart t/m october en dan met name in de ochtend- en avonduren, althans in de gematige klimazones van het noordelijk halfrond. Er zijn echter in toenemende mate ook meldingen (onder andere eigen ervaringen, C.B.) dat de symptomen in zachte wintermaanden niet overgaan. De oorzaak kan ook een verzelfstandigde jeuk- en krabreflex zijn.
Culicoides vliegen trouwens niet hoger dan ca. 3 m; dientengevolge zou een Pegasus boven de kwelling uit moeten kunnen stijgen...
De insecten broeden op vochtige plaatsen, op veengrond en onder boomschors. Alleen de vrouwtjes zuigen bloed.
Naast de als bewezen geldende allergie ten gevolge van Culicoides zijn er andere factoren die de toestand kunnen verergeren: bijv. eiwitrijke voeding of veel zon. In een (Duitstalige) bijdrage van Dr. Dieter Kolb (14 K) wordt met name een verminderd aantal zweetklieren als oorzaak genoemd. Een (Duitstalig) artikel van Dr. Peter Schneider en Karola Schmeil wijst spijsverteringsproblemen een een tekort aan beweging als oorzaken aan. Een andere bezoekster van deze site stuurde een uitvoerig (Engelstalig) bericht dat een andere allergische reactie aanwijst waar de paardeneigenaar op bedacht zou kunnen zijn.
De mate van het eczeem is uiteenlopend en het wordt bij diverse rassen aangetroffen. In de literatuur worden - afgezien van IJslanse paarden - in het bijzonder arabieren en volbloeds genoemd. Men gaat er bijvoorbeeld van uit dat onder IJslandse paarden tussen 5 en 25 % van de populatie buiten IJsland onder deze allergie lijden. In sommige gebieden komt men zelfs hogere percentages tegen. In Australië waar de verschijnselen onder de naam "Queensland Itch" bekend zijn, lijden zelfs 32 tot 60 % van alle paarden (er zijn daar bijna geen IJslandse paarden) eronder. In Japan is de ziekte onder de naam "kasen" bekend. Een andere benaming luidt "dhobie itch".
Vlak aan zee en boven 800 m hoogte verdwijnen de symptomen vrijwel volledig (niet echter de allergie). Ze keren terug zodra de dieren weer terug worden gebracht naar de oorspronkelijke standplaatsen.
De symptomen zijn gelige of grijze plekken van ca. 5 - 150 mm diameter die veelal door de dieren tot bloedens toe worden opengebeten en -geschuurd waarna korsten ontstaan. In het bijzonder betroffen zijn staartwortel en manenkam. In de manenkam kunnen harde plekken verschijnen en openbreken waardoor de manenkam - van de zijkant gezien - zaagtandachtige kloven vertoond. Op het hoofd wordt de behaaring vaak weggeschuurd waardoor de (donkere) huid eronder verschijnt (zie plaatjes ; 12 K tekst + 330 K voor 9 foto's).
Het is werkelijk geen fraai gezicht om de wanhopige dieren te observeren wanneer ze zich zelf of elkaar met de tanden bewerken of urenlang gaan schuren aan een paal of een ander hard voorwerp. De paarden nemen soms de meest vreemde lichaamshoudingen aan om maar de jeukende plekken te kunnen bereiken. Sommige dieren zijn zonder problemen in staat om hun eigen staartwortel tot bloedens toe volledig open te bijten, ter groote van een handpalm.
Staart- en maneneczeem is weliswaar niet besmettelijk maar kan ook gevolgen hebben voor de gezonde dieren in de kudde. Immers, een ziek dier zal zijn "collega" bij het wederzijdse knabbelen in de manen op grond van de eigen sterke jeuk harder gaan bijten en daarbij diens vacht en/of manen beschadigen.
Er zijn aanwijzingen dat de allergie erfelijk bepaald is. Zie hiervoor de gegevens van Marion Unkel. Het veroorzakende gen is tot dusver (1998) niet gevonden. Waarschijnlijk wordt de allergie door een hele groep genen veroorzaakt. Een tijdlang dacht men dat bijvoorbeeld dieren die buiten IJsland waren geboren, geen last van deze allergie zouden krijgen. Er blijkt echter ook een neiging onder deze populatie tot de genoemde symptomen, zelfs in de vierde generatie buiten IJsland.
De symptomen zijn levenslang aanwezig, en er zijn gevallen bekend waar de allergie in het 20e levensjaar voor het eerst optrad.
De toestand is niet alleen vreselijk voor het dier én zijn eigenaar wanneer hij naar de ongelukkige dieren kijkt en hun gevecht tegen de jeuk moet aanzien. Ook voor de fokkers, handelaren en eigenaren ontstaat immers een grote economische schade omdat de waardedaling van een ineens onder staart- en maneneczeem lijdend dier 50 % en meer kan bedragen. Bij een gemiddelde prijs van een gezond IJslands paard in Europa van USD 6.000 is een dergelijk verlies niet te verwaarlozen.
Gelukkig zijn de gebruiksmogelijkheden van dergelijke paarden maar zelden beperkt voorzover er geen plekken onder het zadel ontstaan hetgeen vrij zeldzaam is. In sommige gevallen treedt het eczeem echter in een dusdanige mate op dat berijden door een erg onrustig dier onmogelijk wordt. Ook kan het voorkomen dat een veulen niet kan drinken omdat het door de merrie vanwegen een pijnlijke uier weggetrapt wordt. Er wordt echter zelfs van een noodzakelijke euthanasie in extreme gevallen melding gemaakt. Ook enkele bekende sportpaarden en in de fokkerij gebruikte hengsten lijden onder deze allergie. De keuringsresultaten van een paard met staart- en maneneczeem zouden (theoretisch, d.w.z. volgens de keuringsregels) niet nadelig worden beïnvloed. Desondanks zijn ze veelal lager, wat verklaard kan worden door het vaak armetierige uiterlijk van deze paarden (misschien ook door de onbewuste veronderstelling van een erfelijke aanleg).
De hierna als abstracts (zie Info Menu) getoonde wetenschappelijke artikelen van Gail Anderson c.s. geven aan dat kennelijk niet alleen het speeksel van bepaalde Culicoides-soorten een allergene werking heeft maar het gehele insect. Bovendien is men er achter gekomen dat Culicoides-soorten die in een bepaald gedeelte van de wereld reacties bij paarden tot gevolg hebben, deze zelfde werking "gelukkig" ook bij dieren in andere Landen uitoefenen (waar deze insecten dan als het ware exotisch zijn). Dit feit vergemakkelijkt in principe de productie van een globaal werkende desensibiliserings-stof. De door Anderson c.s. gemelde verbeteringen zijn verbazingwekkend goed, een over twee jaar voortgezette wekelijkse behandeling met eerst klimmende en later gelijkblijvende dosering vooropgesteld.
Verder vermelden Anderson c.s. dat reeds één enkele beet een allergische reactie kan veroorzaken. Het opstallen tussen 16.00 en 07.00 uur is derhalve eigenlijk niet echt nuttig (volgens mijn eigen - C.B. - ervaringen zijn het 16.00-22.00 en 06.00-10.00 uur) omdat de muggen ook in gebouwen vliegen. Die betekent natuurlijk niet dat u vanaf nu de dieren geen stal meer hoeft aan te bieden! Een zekere bescherming gaat er altijd van uit. Zelfs de optie om de dieren dag en nacht op te sluiten in een met een extreem fijnmazig net afgeschermde stal (minimaal 20 gaten per cm) is volgens Anderson c.s. niet 100 % afdoende, nog afgezien van de dieronvriendelijkheid van zo'n maatregel.
Talloze eigenaren heben haast evenzovele (huis)middelen uitgeprobeerd om de allergie te bestrijden of tenminste te verzachten. Een groeiende collectie ervan vindt u in ItchBase waar bezoekers hun ervaringen bekend kunnen maken.
De kern van ItchBase vormt - naast het scheppen van een centraal informatiepunt rondom dit thema, bijvoorbeeld in de vorm van behandelingsadviezen en wetenschappelijke artikelen -de openbare database die uit de bijdragen van bezoekers aan deze website bestaat.
Met het verzamelen is begonnen in januari 1998. Van enkele artikelen was geen datum te achterhalen.
De op het net gevonden artikelen zijn - met een enkele uitzondering - niet vertaald, vandaar dat het gros van de gegevens Engelstalig is.
Wilt u ook goede nota ervan nemen dat ik geen dierenarts ben maar gewoon een geïnteresseerde leek? Met uw eventuele vragen van medische aard zult u zich moeten wenden tot uw eigen dierenarts of een faculteit voor diergeneeskunde. Ik heb ItchBase alleen naar aanleiding van mijn eigen ervaringen met eczeempaarden opgezet.
Houdt u s.v.p. ook rekening met het feit dat op deze website genoemde productinformatie over middelen tegen zomereczeem vrijwel altijd afkomstig is van de producent/leverancier zelf. Voor de volledigheid, juistheid, werkzaamheid, objectiviteit, wetenschappelijke onderbouwing, juiste prijs-kwaliteitsverhouding en zelfs het bona- of evtl. malafide karakter van de gegevens kan ik niet instaan - u zult steeds zelf een kritische beoordeling moeten maken.
Deze pagina wordt geleidelijk aan uitgebreid. De nieuwtjes vindt u telkens aan het einde van elk kader.
| Einführung
Die interaktive Datenbank für Sommerekzem bei Pferden
Wissenswertes und nützliche Informationen
Weshalb eine Datenbank?
Sommerekzem ist ein Krankheitsbild, das die Lebensqualität von Tausenden von Pferden beeinträchtigt, in Europa z.B. vor allem die Vertreter nordeuropäischer Ponyrassen. Als hauptsächliche Verursacher dieser Allergie gelten einige der etwa 50 Culicoides - Stechmückenarten, nur 1/1700 Gramm "schwere" Insekten ("Gnitzen"), die hauptsächlich zwischen März und Oktober und dann vor allem in den Morgen- und Abendstunden aktiv sind. Dies gilt zumindest in den gemäßigten Klimazonen der nördlichen Hemisphäre. Allerdings häufen sich Berichte (u.a. eigene - C.B. - Erfahrungen), nach denen Ekzem auch in milden Wintern auftritt. Auch kann im Winter fortgesetztes Kratzen ein Juck-/Kratzreflex sein, der auch ohne vorhandene Mücken autonom weiterwirkt. Culicoides fliegen übrigens nicht höher als ca. 3 m; demnach müßte ein Pegasus der Qual entgehen können, meine ich...
Die Insekten vermehren sich an feuchten Stellen, auf Moorböden und unter Baumrinde. Nur die Weibchen sind Blutsauger.
Abgesehen von der als bewiesen geltenden Allergie infolge von Culicoides gibt es weitere Faktoren, die den Zustand verschlimmern können: z.B. vermutlich eiweißreiche Nahrung und starke Sonneneinstrahlung. In einem (deutschsprachigen) Beitrag von Dr. Dieter Kolb (14 K) wird insbesondere eine geringere Anzahl Schweißdrüsen als Ursache genannt. Ein Artikel von Dr. Peter Schneider und Karola Schmeil nennt Verdauungsprobleme sowie mangelnde Bewegung als Ursachen. Ein andere Besucherin dieser Website sandte einen ausführlichen (englischsprachigen) Bericht, in dem auf eine andere allergische Reaktion als mögliche Ursache hingewiesen wird.
Sommerekzem tritt in unterschiedlichem Ausmaß sowie bei Pferden verschiedener Rassen auf. In der Literatur werden - abgesehen von Islandpferden - insbesondere Friesen, Araber en Vollblutpferde genannt. Angenommen wird, dass beispielsweise bei Islandpferden zwischen 5 und 25 % der Population außerhalb von Island unter dieser Allergie leiden, wobei in manchen Gebieten sogar höhere Prozentsätze beobachtet werden. In Australien, wo die Allergie als "Queensland Itch" bezeichnet wird, sind sogar zwischen 32 und 60 % (!) der Pferde betroffen. In Japan kennt man die Krankheit unter dem Namen "Kasen". Auch ist die Allergie unter dem Namen "dhobie itch" bekannt.
In Meeresnähe und über 800 m Seehöhe gehen die Symptome (nicht jedoch die Allergie selbst) fast vollständig zurück. Sie kehren wieder, sobald solche Tiere die besagten Zonen verlassen.
Die Symptome sind gelbliche oder graue Stellen von etwa 5 - 150 mm Durchmesser, die in vielen Fällen von den Tieren bis zum Bluten aufgebissen und aufgescheuert werden, wonach sich Krusten bilden. Besonders befallen sind Mähne und Schweif(rübe). In der Mähne können harte Stellen auftreten und aufbrechen, wodurch der Mähnenkamm ein sägezahnartiges Äußeres erhält. Im Gesichtsbereich wird die Behaarung häufig weggescheuert, wonach die darunterliegende (dunkle) Haut sichtbar wird (siehe Bilder ; 14 K Text + 330 K für 9 Fotos).
Es ist wirklich kein schöner Anblick, sich die verzweifelten Tiere anzusehen, wie sie sich selbst oder gegenseitig mit den Zähnen bearbeiten oder sich endlos an Pfählen u.dgl. scheuern. Die Pferde verrenken sich bisweilen in akrobatische Stellungen, um an die juckenden Stellen zu gelangen. Für einige Tiere ist es völlig problemlos, die eigene Schweifrübe handflächengroß blutig aufzubeißen.
Sommerekzem ist zwar nicht ansteckend, wirkt sich aber unter Umständen auch auf die gesunden Tiere in der Herde aus: Durch das gegenseitige Knabbern in der Mähne beißt das betroffene Tier aufgrund seines eigenen, relativ starken Juckreizes recht stark und beschädigt dabei das Fell und/oder die Mähne des gesunden Tieres.
Es gibt relativ deutliche Hinweise auf Erblichkeit. Siehe hierzu die Angaben von Marion Unkel. Ein verursachendes Gen wurde bisher (1998) noch nicht gefunden. Vermutlich liegen mehrere Gene der Anfälligkeit zugrunde. Eine Zeitlang vermutete man, dass beispielsweise Tiere, die außerhalb von Island geboren wurden, vom Sommerekzem verschont seien. Es scheint jedoch eine Tendenz auch für diese Gruppe zu geben, allergische Reaktionen zu zeigen, und das sogar noch in der vierten Generation auf dem Kontinent.
Die Symptome halten lebenslang an, und es gibt Fälle, wo die Allergie erst nach 20 Jahren auf dem Kontinent auftrat.
Der Zustand ist nicht nur höchst unangenehm für das Tier selbst und schrecklich für die Besitzer, um die geplagten Tiere anzusehen und sich das ausgiebige Beißen anzuhören. Den Züchtern, Händlern und Besitzern entsteht immerhin ein großer wirtschaftlicher Verlust, weil der Wertverlust eines plötzlich von Sommerekzem befallenen Tieres 50 % und mehr betragen kann. Bei einem durchschnittlichen Preis in Europa von etwa USD 6000 für ein gesundes Islandpferd ist die Einbuße durchaus gravierend.
Glücklicherweise ist die Einsatzfähigkeit der Tiere selten eingeschränkt, sofern nicht in der Sattellage entsprechende Stellen auftreten, was jedoch eher selten der Fall ist. In einigen Fällen tritt das Ekzem allerdings so stark auf, dass das Tier nicht mehr geritten werden kann, weil es zu unruhig wird. Auch kommt es vor, dass ein Fohlen nicht trinken kann, weil es von der Stute aufgrund von Ekzem am Euter geschlagen wird. Es wird sogar von Einschläferung in Extremfällen berichtet. Auch manche berühmte Turnierpferde und zur Zucht eingesetzte Hengste leiden unter Sommerekzem. Die Beurteilungsnoten eines betroffenen Pferdes sollten theoretisch (also laut Körungsordnung) nicht vom Vorhandensein von Sommerekzem beeinflußt; werden, sind jedoch häufig niedriger, wohl aufgrund des unansehnlichen Äußeren der Tiere (vielleicht auch unbewußt aufgrund des angenommenen Erbfaktors).
Den nachstehend als Abstracts (siehe Info Menü) angebotenen wissenschaftlichen Artikeln von Gail Anderson c.s. ist zu entnehmen, dass offensichtlich nicht nur der Speichel mancher Culicoides-Arten allergen ist, sondern das ganze Insekt. Überdies hat sich "glücklicherweise" erwiesen, dass Culicoides-Arten, die in einem bestimmten Teil der Welt allergische Reaktionen bei Pferden auslösen, dieselbe Wirkung auch auf Pferde in anderen Ländern ausüben (wo die Insekten sozusagen Exoten sind). Dadurch erleichtert sich im Prinzip die Herstellung eines global wirksamen Desensibilisierungs-stoffes. Die von Anderson c.s. berichteten Verbesserungen sind erstaunlich, eine über zwei Jahre durchgeführte, regelmäßig wöchentliche Behandlung mit zunächst ansteigenden und danach gleichbleibenden Dosierungen vorausgesetzt.
Ferner berichten Anderson c.s., dass schon ein einziger Stich die Allergie hervorrufen kann. Eine Aufstallung zwischen 16.00 und 07.00 Uhr ist daher eigentlich nicht so besonders effektiv, weil die Mücken auch in Gebäude fliegen. (Meine eigenen - C.B. - Erfahrungen ergeben andere Zeiten, an denen die Pferde den Stall aufsuchen: 16.00-22.00 und 06.00-10.00 Uhr.) Das heißt natürlich nicht, dass man den Tieren keinen Stall anzubieten braucht! Etwas helfen tut es natürlich immer. Sogar die Option, die Tiere 24 Stunden pro Tag in einem mit extrem feinem Moskitonetz verhüllten Stall (20 Öffnungen pro cm Netz) einzusperren, hilft laut Anderson c.s. nicht 100%ig, abgesehen von der Unzumutbarkeit für das Tier.
Unzählige Besitzer haben fast ebensoviele (Haus)mittel angewandt, um die Allergie zu beheben oder zumindest zu lindern. Eine wachsende Anzahl solcher Ratschläge finden Sie in ItchBase, wo Besucher ihre Erfahrungen kundtun können.
Ziel von ItchBase nun ist es, neben der Zentralisierung relevanter Informationen zu diesem Thema, etwa in Form von Behandlungsempfehlungen und wissenschaftlichen Artikeln, der öffentlichen Datenbank, die aus Beiträgen der Besucher dieser Website besteht.
Das Sammeln von Daten begann im Januar 1998. Bei einigen Artikeln war das Datum leider nicht zu eruieren.
Die im Internet gefundenen Artikel u.dgl. wurden - mit wenigen Ausnahmen - nicht übersetzt.
Bitte beachten Sie, daß ich kein Tierarzt bin, sondern nur ein interessierter Laie. Mit eventuellen medizinischen Fragen müssen Sie sich an einen Tierarzt oder eine veterinärmedizinische Fakultät wenden. Ich habe diese "ItchBase"-Seiten nur deswegen eingerichtet, weil mir das Problem des Sommerekzems bei Pferden aus eigener Erfahrung sehr zu Herzen geht.
Bitte, berücksichtigen Sie auch die Tatsache, dass die auf dieser Website erwähnten Informationen über Produkte/Mittel gegen Sommerekzem fast ausnahmslos von den Produzenten/Lieferanten stammen. Für die Vollständigkeit, Richtigkeit, Wirksamkeit, Objektivität, wissenschaftliche Unterbauung, das richtige Preis-Leistungs-Verhältnis sowie den gut- oder evtl. sogar schlechtgläubigen Charakter der Angaben kann ich nicht einstehen; Sie werden sich immer Ihr eigenes kritisches Urteil bilden müssen.
Diese Seite wird ständig erweitert. Neue Beiträge finden Sie jeweils am Ende jedes Kastens. |
Introduction
The interactive database for Sweet Itch in horses
Facts and helpful information
Why a database?
Sweet itch is a condition that affects the quality of life of thousands of horses, in Europe e.g. mainly pony-sized breeds from Northern Europe. It is believed to be mainly an allergic reaction to some of the approx. 50 types of Culicoides biting midges, tiny insects ("no-see-ums", "punkies"; 1700 of them go into one gram) that are active between roughly March and October (i.e. in moderate climates of the Northern hemisphere) during some hours in the morning and the evening.
But reports indicate that during mild winters the sweet itch will continue the year round. (I can confirm this - C.B.) Continued scratching in wintertime can also be an autonomous continued itch/scratch reflex without midges being present.
The insects by the way do not fly higher than approx. 3 metres (3.3 yd) - a Pegasus should therefore be able to escape the torture...
The midges like to breed on wet land, on peat-like ground or under tree bark. Only the females are blood-sucking.
Besides the Culicoides allergy - which seems to be a proven fact - there are other factors that can aggravate the situation: e.g. protein-rich diet and/or lots of sunshine. On a separate page visitors will find a contribution by Dr. Dieter Kolb (14 K) (in German only, sorry); he assumes a reduced number of sweat glands to be a / the causing factor. An article (in German) by Dr. Peter Schneider and Karola Schmeil describes digestive problems and lack of physical movement as possible causes. Another visitor to this website sent an extensive report in which she points to other possible allergic causes that should not be overlooked.
Sweet itch occurs in varying degrees of severity in horses of various breeds. Besides Icelandic horses also Friesian, Arabian and thoroughbreds are mentioned amongst others in the literature. It is believed that e.g. in Icelandic horses between 5 and 25% of the population outside of Iceland suffer from this condition, in some areas even higher percentages have been observed.
In Australia where the allergy is known as "Queensland Itch", between 32 and 60% (!) are reported to be affected. In Japan the sickness is known as "kasen", elsewhere also as "dhobie itch".
Near the sea shore and above 800 metres elevation the symptoms (but not the allergy) disappear almost completely. They reappear as soon as such allergic animals leave the said areas.
The symptoms are yellowish or greyish spots approx. 5 - 150 millimetres in size, in many cases scratched open by the animals until bleeding occurs. Crusts are formed, the mane and tail hair being scratched and/or bitten away. In the crest hardened spots can appear and burst open which give it a saw-like appearance. In the face the hair sometimes is scratched away and the black skin underneath becomes visible (see images ; 12 K text + 330 K for 9 photographs).
It is definitely not a pleasant sight to see the desperate animals biting themselves or each other, or rubbing endlessly against poles or other hard surfaces. The horses get sometimes into very uncommon postures in order to reach the itchy spots. For some horses it is no problem at all to open a bloody patch the size of a handpalm on their dock (i.e. the base of the tail) with their teeth.
Sweet itch is not contagious but other, healthy animals in the herd might be affected as well because a horse with sweet itch will scratch harder into the withers of a healthy animal due of his own strong itch sensation and will in this way do some damage to the other's skin and hair.
There seems to be considerable evidence of a hereditary factor. You can read more in the short abstract of Marion Unkel's work. The causing gene has not been determined yet (1998). Probably several genes form the cause. For some time it was believed that e.g. animals born outside of Iceland were safe from sweet itch. But there seems to be a tendency also for those horses to become affected, even in their 4th generation on the continent.
The condition is a life sentence and animals have been known to develop the allergy even in their 20th year on the continent.
The condition is not only terrible for the animal itself and weird for the owners to look at and listen to. It also presents a great economic loss for breeders, sellers and owners alike since the value of a horse suddenly becoming an "eczema case" can plummet with 50% and more. At an average European price of some USD 6,000 for (e.g.) a healthy Icelandic horse this is not negligible.
Fortunately the usability of the animal is seldom restricted unless it develops patches in the saddle area which is rare. In some cases however the eczema is so strong that the horse cannot be used anymore because it becomes so restless. In other cases foals are beaten away by the mare when they attempt to drink fom an affected udder.
Scientific articles report euthanasia being necessary in extreme cases. Even some famous competition horses and stallions used for breeding suffer from sweet itch. The ratings of an affected horse should theoretically not be affected but are nonetheless frequently lower due to the shabby look of the animals, possibly also due to the supposed hereditary factor.
The abstracts of scientific articles by Gail Anderson c.s. (see Info Menu) reveal that obviously not only the Culicoides saliva is allergenic but the whole insect. Moreover "luckily" it has been established that Culicoides-species that produce allergic reactions in certain parts of the world, show the same effect on horses in other countries (where these insects are exotic so to speak). This fact makes it in basically easier to produce a globally usable desensitization agent. The improvements reported by Anderson c.s. are astonishing, provided the weekly treatment with at first low doses, later enlarged doses until a certain dosage level is kept up during a period of two years.
Even the option of keeping the horses day and night in a stable tightly sealed with extreme fine mosquito netting (at least 20 holes per centimeter) is not totally helpful according to Anderson c.s. - besides the unfriendlyness of such a treatment for the animal.
A great number of people have tried almost as many remedies to cure or at least ease the condition.
The purpose of ItchBase is to centralize relevant information on the subject such as scientific articles, treatment advice - both mostly found on the Internet - and to run a public database filled by visitors to this website.
Collection started in January 1998. Some articles unfortunately lack a date.
Please note that I am not a vet but only an interested layman. You should consult a vet or a veterinary faculty with any medical questions. I have only set up these ItchBase pages based on my own involvement with sweet itch cases.
Since the information found on the Internet is presented as-is, it has - with a few exceptions - not been translated. You can try Altavista's translation service if a particular article is not in your appropriate language (don't expect wonders though! The word "Wallachen" ("geldings") was translated in a test I performed with "whale laughter" (Wal = whale, lachen = laughter...).
Please be aware of the fact that practically all information on this website about products/remedies against sweet itch were provided by the producers/distributors themselves and/or found on their websites. I can in no way be held responsible for the completeness, correctness, efficiency, objectivity, scientific basis of these data, and furthermore of correct value for money and the good or possibly even bad faith character of that information. You will always have to use your own critical judgement.
New material is added to this page from time to time. You will find it at the end of each table frame.
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| Verdachte of bewezen allergene soorten Verdächtige oder erwiesenermaßen allergene Arten Suspected or proven allergenic species
"Culicoides spp." = "Culicoides species"
There are reports from several regions of a more frequent attack by the following species:
Australia: C. brevitarsus Frequency, worldwide (n=5735):
C. dewulfi (26,5 %)
Some known preferred landing sites of Culicoides species: Differential diagnosis Before diagnosing sweet itch at least the following conditions should be excluded/treated:
Ectoparasitisms: biting flies, forage mites, habronemiasis, Mange mites (Psoroptes, Sarcoptes, Chorioptes), onchocerciasis, oxyuriasis, pediculosis, Poultry mites, trombiculidiasis
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Info Menu Wetenschappelijke literatuur: abstracts en/of volledige teksten van artikelen Wetenschappelijke literatuur: literatuurlijsten Citaten uit discussies in News Groups; ontvangen relevante E-mail |
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Western Pferde Journal
Juli - August 1995, S. 52
Medizin: Das Sommerekzem
PEGASUS Pferdemagazin (Schweiz)
Wenn das Sommerekzem wieder kommt...
E-mail: pegasus@pop.agri.ch
Stall-Apotheke
Symposion Verlag GmbH
August 1996, S. 12
Sommerekzem - Problem von April bis November
Das Sommerekzem ist eine Kombination aus Stoffwechselstörung und Allergie. Welche Pferde davon betroffen sind und was man sowohl gegen die Symptome als auch gegen die Ursachen tun kann, verrät Ihnen Uta Over.
PEGASUS Pferdemagazin (Schweiz)
Mit der Anti-itch-Lotion gegen das Sommerekzem
E-mail: pegasus@pop.agri.ch
Freizeit im Sattel, 3/97:
Sommerekzem inklusive?
Reiter Revue International 6/97:
Drei-Punkte-Programm gegen Sommerekzem
Christopher Day:
Pferde natürlich heilen - Ein Ratgeber für den Umgang mit natürlichen Heilmethoden wie Homöopathie, Kräuterheilkunde, Behandlungen mit ätherischen Ölen, Biochemie und Bachblüten. Hinweise auf Behandlungsmöglichkeiten der wichtigsten Krankheiten.
Aus dem Inhalt:
DEM 9,95 (= ca. EUR 5,--)
A MODERN HORSE HERBAL
By: Hilary Page Self
SIMPLY PUT, THIS IS THE MOST complete work available on medicinal herbs for horses and how to use them. It covers A-Z of common ailments and conditions that can be effectively and safely treated with herbs. Among these are allergies, arthritis, coughs, colic, eczema, hay fever, hoof weakness, head shaking, lamintis, muscle and joint stiffness, navicular disease, nervousness, pedalostitis, rheumatism, scouring, sweet itch, ulcers, warts, worm infestation and wounds. In addition, many stable management applications for herbs such as fly repellents, coat conditioners, shampoos and disinfectants are included. For background, a descriptive list of over 50 readily obtainable herbs is included, giving details on habitat, collection, actions and uses. Useful non-herbal products such as cider and vinegar and honey are discussed. Complete guidelines on making herbal preparations are offered, along with advice on selecting remedies and determining dosage. For hoses seeking a more natural approach to their horses health, A Modern Horse Herbal is a must!
USD 39.95
DEM 9,95 (= ca. EUR 5,--)
SOMMEREKZEM IST IN DEN GRIFF ZU BEKOMMEN
Interview with Dr. Carl-Heinz Rettig, a German vet
Eiðfaxi specializes in Icelandic horses and is published in Iceland in Icelandic, English and German. I (C.B.) present here a very short abstract:
People should not be too afraid of sweet itch. Cortisone injections are really not the only remedy. Horses used in competition have the same amount of sweet itch but it is controlled much better in those animals because they are used and looked after daily. Dr. Rettig's judgement is that much more than the often quoted 30% of all animals imported from Iceland are affected. He has doubt about using affected stallions. No horse seller can guarantee an itch itch free animal. The decrease in value once sweet itch has appeared can go up to USD 2500 but this hardly holds for competition horses since their owners are not so much concerned. Dr. Rettig guesses that the yearly treatment costs amount to USD 100-125. Also Haflinger and Norwegian horses are much affected. Fat horses are affected more easily. Ultraviolet light should be avoided. Before export from Iceland the animals should be injected with BAYPAMUN which increases their immune system which is stressed to its limits due to the export transport. There seems to be no colour dependence. It is much better to import animals when very young or still in the mare. Older animals can hardly cope with the immunity problems. Dr. Rettig had little confidence in Ökozon (see elsewhere on this page) at first but found that after 3 or 4 years of intensive treatment with Ökozon the symptoms disappear almost totally.
CHRISTIANE ROCHLITZ: Amongst other remarks, this article contains a strong and in my view wise plea to not overemphasize a breeding policy of exclusion of horses suffering from sweet itch. Christiane Rochlitz says that probably 100% of all Icelandic horses are genetically disposed towards sweet itch anyway and that the inheritance is carried by various recessive genes. I (C.B.) refer to Marion Unkel who found that the difference in sweet itch frequency in a horse with two healthy parents as compared to one with only one healthy parent is between 4 and 7 %. This means that trying to eradicate sweet itch by breeding selection alone is by far not efficient enough and would narrow down the gene pool.
KLAUS STROTHMANN:
In a totally opposite direction as compared to Christiane Rochlitz, Klaus Strothmann makes a strong plea towards breeding selection; in his opinion breeding with suffering animals is a violation of animal protection laws.
SIGRIÐUR BJÖRNSDÓTTIR: EKZEMFORSCHUNG - Wird es bald einen Impfstoff gegen Ekzem geben? (in: Eiðfaxi International Nr. 6, 1999, p. 45)
A General Remark
Your own information is very much welcome and could be included here - please make an entry in ItchBase or e-mail me
Various sources indicate that - at least for Icelandic horses - a low-protein diet is advised. Oat e.g. should be avoided for that reason.
You could consider combining the Boett® pyjama + Switch pour-on. They both take up very little of your time and alleviate the problem. Please contact the producer of Switch pour-on (see "Floris" below) in case you cannot read the Dutch information below which I scanned from the packaging box:
[Tekst op verpakking van "Switch pour-on":]
SWITCH pour-on
Heldere vloeistof, bevattende High Cis Permethrin (80/20) voor uitwendige toepassing
WETTELIJK GEBRUIKSVOORSCHRIFT
Toegestaan is uitsluitend het gebruik als middel ter bestrijding van vliegen en dazen bij paarden en ezels
Gebruiksaanwijzing
Dosering: 1 ml per 10 kg lichaamsgewicht
Voor toepassing op paarden en ezels
De vliegendodende en -afwerende werking van het middel kan verminderen of zelfs ophouden als de paarden nat worden door regen of wassen. Afhankelijk van de weersomstandigheden on vliegendruk de behandeling herhalen.
Algemene opmerking m.t.v. de wijze van toediening
Het reservoir dat het eindprodukt bevat heeft een doseerinrichting met schaalverdeling.
Het product wordt als volgt toegediend:
DE FLES TIJDENS HET GIETEN NIET INDRUKKEN.
Waarschuwing: De werkingsduur van barbituraten kan verlengd worden.
Contra-indicaties: Niet toegestaan bil dieren met leverziekten, anemie en uitgebreide huidlaesies.
Bijwerking: Bij overgevoeligheld kan huidirritatie optreden.
SWITCH
Werkzame stof: Permethrin
Toelatingshouder:
Floris Veterinaire Produkten bv
BIJTEND
Bijzondere gevaren: Gevaar voor ernstig oogletsel.
Veiligheidsaanbevelingen: Buiten bereik van kinderen bewaren.
Verwijderd houden van eet- en drinkwaren en van diervoeder.
Bij aanraking met de ogen onmiddellijk met overvloedig water afspoelen en deskundig medisch advies inwinnen.
Attentie: Schadelijk voor vissen.
[Extra informatie van leverancier:]
BEHANDELINGSADVIES SWITCH
Staart- en maneneczeem
Start de behandeling in het voorjaar, bit voorkeur voordat de symptomen aanwezig zijn.
Zijn de jeukverschijnselen reeds aanwezig, vraag dan uw dierenarts om een "spuitje" tegen de jeuk. In dit geval loopt de behandeling van SWITCH parallel met het "spuitje".[Dit is cortisone!!! c.b.]
Afhankelijk van de infectiedruk en de gevoeligheid voor steken van het muggetje zal de toepassing van SWITCH éénmaal per twee weken tot éénmaal per week moeten plaatsvinden.
Vliegen
Start de toepassing aan het begin van het vliegenseizoen. Een behandeling geeft gewoonlijk een bescherming van enkele weken.
Dazen
De beste resultaten worden verkregen indien men Switch, bij voorkeur voor iedere bosrit, met behulp van een plantenspuit, over het dier vernevelt. Speciaal de borststreek en de benen. Eventueel kan Switch gemengd worden met de inhoud van een klein flesje citronella olie. Pas op uw ogen en uw eigen huid.
Waarschuwing: Binnen 24 uur na toediening van Switch het paard niet zadelen en aan de felle zon bloot stellen.
[Toevoeging van een derde:]
Mag niet op de zadelstreek worden gebruikt.
[Prijs: NLG 85,- voor 250 ml]
Ivomec Pour-on (for cattle) is advertised at http://www.lambriarvet.com/catalog/cattle.htm (more than USD 300 per 2.5 litres)
Allergic Dermatitis
By: Pam Gleason
Biting gnats and midges can cause a number of serious problems, including allergic dermatitis, otherwise known as sweet itch. This condition is usually an allergic reaction to the bite of any insect in the gnat family (Simulidae) or the biting midge family (Culicoides). The affected horse has painful, itchy bumps that cause him to scratch against whatever objects he can find, frequently rubbing off whole segments of his mane, tail or coat, and even biting himself until he bleeds. His sores then become a magnet for non-biting, filth spreading flies, and he falls in danger of secondary infection.
Depending on their species, gnats and midges generally attack a horse's ears, legs, abdomen, withers, back, chest and tail. If your horse has dermatitis and you live near cattle, the culprit could also be horn flies, which lay their eggs in cow manure. These flies have a particularly vicious bite, rasping the skin before they penetrate it with their sharp mouthparts to make the blood flow more freely.
What you can do:
Gnats and midges breed in slow moving water and are particularly active at daybreak and early evening. Horses with a propensity to dermatitis should stay in during these hours. In addition, all horses in areas with a significant gnat population can be treated with a fly repellent: pyrethrin based concoctions work well. Fly masks, particularly those that cover the ears, can provide some protection, but they must be fitted close to the face, or else the little nasties will simply crawl under them and feed to their hearts' content.
To lessen the gnat population, fill in puddles and keep the barn area clean and dry. Additionally, various gnat control measures may be possible in your area. Buffalo gnats, otherwise known as black flies, can be killed by treating the waters where they breed with a bacteria called Bacilus thuringiensis, or BCI. This bacteria, which must be reintroduced frequently, kills blackfly larvae, but is harmless to other life forms. It is not something that you can buy in the store and dispense yourself, however. Instead, it is usually part of a community- wide black fly control program. Check with your local agricultural extension service to find out about BCI in your community.
You can find a longer scientific article on "Dangerous Bugs" by Pam Gleason at http://www.sai.com/pedlar/may96/bugs.html
VETMIX
D6 Tamar Park
Telephone: +44 (1822) 833402
Homeopathy Heals and Never Harms
Simply the best natural way to massively enhance the healing process
Worried about pollen allergy, sweet itch in your horses? Keep your animals active and healthy in the warmer months just ahead. By using our formulations of this non-invasive, simple, safe yet powerful therapy.
What about the chronic miseries such as arthritis, rheumatics, cataracts in any species? Mostly much reduced with permanentself-cure always a possibility. The ageing process is slowed, dependence on external insulin reduced such are other situations that often favourably respond to our presentations of this wonderful resonance-medicine.
Big 'H' will be able to reverse Big 'C' in receptive individuals, partially or totally. With any problem we should quickly know if your friend is responding, or likely to do so, soon.
Minimum interference, maximum impact and no clashing with standard therapies.
Do not delay, get them to sort themselves out their way, nature's way, in their time and in a manner that is total efficiency for them.
EQyss Equine Products
Micro Tek Shampoo and Spray eliminate skin conditions virtually on contact. They are simply the most effective skin disease treatments ever developed! Micro Tek shampoo eliminates fungal, bacterial, and viral skin conditions on contact. It is effective on scratches, rain rot, sweet itch.
Micro Tek shampoo and spray contain no steroids or alcohol and will not hurt open wounds. These products were developed from NASA research on the decontamination of astronauts and come with a 100% money back guarantee.
Selected Bioproducts Inc.
Main Contents: Nettle, burdock root, camomile, garlic, rosemary
Premier Health Care Ltd
Sweet Itch Spray
This desperate condition seems to occur more and more frequently. Sweet Itch occurs mostly from March through to October. In severe cases it is better to use the spray fed orally out of season to help prevent illness returning.
Active ingredients : Psorinum 30c, Urtica Urens 30c
Hilton Herbs, Ltd.
DOWNCLOSE FARM
TEL: +44 1460 78300
FREE HELP LINE FAX NUMBER (U.S. to U.K. only):
E-mail: hilton.herbs.ltd@dial.pipex.com
HILTON COOLER
Indications for use:
Sweet itch, skin irritation.
Hilton Cooler contains herbs that will help to cleanse the blood stream of toxins. It will help to strengthen the horse or ponie's own immune system, helping to reduce the allergic reaction.
In addition to blood cleansing herbs, the mix contains herbs that are rich in sulphur. This sulphur is ultimately excreted by the horse through the pores of the skin. This will result in helping to cleanse and encourage healing of the skin, as well as acting slightly as a fly repellent.
The best results will be obtained if Hilton Cooler is given prior to the horse or pony beginning to rub. Therefore we advise that if possible the mix be started 3-4 weeks prior to the "sweet itch" season, this will give the herbs time to get into the system, and start to help the horse or pony resist the condition.
If this is not possible and the pony has already started rubbing, Hilton Cooler can still be used successfully.
Very often once an improvement is seen, the dosage can be reduced to a lower maintenance dose.
As with all Hilton products please contact the helpline for any further information or advice.
AE - Ätherische Emulsion
The following - abridged - information can be found in full (in French) at http://homepages.mcnet.ch/~hippoch
For any French-illiterates amongst you I (C.B.) include a partial translation:
Eczéma d'été (sweet itch)
Sweet itch is an allergic reaction against various environmental factors. It is called in English "Transpiration Itch" (hm, well, I (C.B.) guess that the French got a bit confused here with "sweat"... ;=) ...). So far there is no efficient medical treatment. A hereditary factor is suspected.
Causes
Advice
Triple Crown
RN14 Derma Plus
An efficacious feed supplement with systemic properties that may help with the avoidance of 'Sweet-itch' and other inappropriate inflammatory conditions in horses and ponies if fed early in the season. Also contains extra Biotin, Methionine and Chelated Zinc. When wounds have appeared as a result of rubbing, use with a concurrent external application of a proprietary ointment. In all cases of skin mal-conditions consult your veterinarian.
500 grms
START FEEDING ABOUT A MONTH BEFORE THE FLIES ARRIVE
FEEDING GUIDE:
G&K HorseDream GmbH
Zur Pflege problematischer Haut, auch bei Sommerekzem; zieht schnell ein; mit Tea-Tree-Oil, Jojobaöl, Weizenkeimöl und Bienenwachs; ohne synthetische Duft- oder Farbstoffe.
3613 - 100-ml-Dose - DEM 19,50 (= ca. EUR 9,83)
I (C.B.) quote partially from http://www.in-wales.com/horses/sweet_itch.htm
SWEET ITCH
This ailment appears to be an allergy to the common midge bite. It results in severe iritation to the skin and causes the animal to scratch until mane, tail, skin are abraded away. We shut affected horses in during periods of high midge activity - morning and evening between May and October.We cover them in fly repellant at all times and treat affected areas with benzyl benzoate. With care and persistence (and the luck of living near the coast) we have managed to keep affected animals well and itch free.
Found at http://www.seven-seas.ltd.uk/HTML/solvitax.htm
Super Solvitax Dermisalve, a topical lotion to help soothe skin irritation, used mainly to ease 'Sweet Itch' in horses.
Statutory Instrument 1997 No. 2892
The Medicines (Veterinary Drugs) (Pharmacy and Merchants' List) (Amendment) Order 1997: 13412/4001 Sweet Itch Control
Found at http://www.lambriarvet.com/catalog/cattle.htm
ZIMECTERIN
Horse dewormer controls arterial stages of strongylus vulgaris to protect from verminous colic. Effective against 29 species of worms including intestinal threadworms, lungworms, and all stages of bots. Controls neck threadworms which cause "sweet itch" and dermatitis. Use to treat "summer sores" produced by large-mouth stomach worms. Safe for all ages of horses, including foals.
(July 1998:) In Austria two veterinarians are working on a study with 100 affected horses. I (C.B.) have requested more information has been requested from the Austria Icelandic Horse Association; hopefully it will be presented here soon.
(From an ad in the Journal of the Austrian Icelandic Horse Association, July 1998:)
Mischfutterwerk Breitenlee
(From an ad in the Journal of the Austrian Icelandic Horse Association, July 1998:)
Reitsport Baumgartner
(From an ad in the Journal of the Austrian Icelandic Horse Association, July 1998:)
Joh. Trieb
Anti-Itch products:
Puritus (made from Tea Tree):
Anti-Itch lotion:
Hestavit 3.5 kg = ATS 805
The company also sells the Boett® pyjama. [Deutsche Version: Boett® Pyjama; Nederlandse versie: Boett® pyjama] (12 K text + 330 K for 9 photographs)
(N.B.: The prices for the Boett® pyjama tend to be 10-15% higher in Germany and Austria than e.g. in the Netherlands; C.B.).
Exchange rates
In a British article on headshaking in horses the use of an Avon bath oil product called "Skin so Soft" was mentioned as a good remedy against sweet itch: it must be diluted with water and sprayed on the mane + tail to keep midges at bay.
Found at "The Horseman's Advisor Homepage" (http://www.horseadvice.com), a site where vets answers questions from horse owners)
There are a couple of homeopathics recommended for "sweet itch" in "Horses and Homeopathy, A Guide for Yard and Stable." Sweet itch is defined as "a skin condition provoked by bites from the culicoides midge." For horses rubbing mane and tail, arsenicum album 6c twice daily for five days is recommended as well as warm applications to the skin and hand walking. Sulpher 6c is suggested if there is a strong skin odor and it appears greasy. Doseage is 3 times daily until a response is seen. Finally, culicoides midge 30c, a remedy made from the midge, can be given daily during the midge season. I may try the Arsenicum Album 6c if switching to day time turnout only doesn't help. In the past, I've found some homeopathics in health stores (both food and vitamin). I've also mail-ordered from "Health Trek" 1-800-756-0871. Note that I am NOT formally trained in homeopathics, but have just done some reading. Another source of information is "Healing Your Horse, Alternative Therapies," by Snader, et al.
Can't comment about liquid vs. paste wormer. Perhaps there is some thought the horse isn't getting all the paste, or the liquid is less expensive.
Two more suggestions were to wash the rub areas with palmolive dish washing liquid (I tried that last night - jury is out) and to wipe the affected areas with castor oil to sooth and promote hair regrowth. I've used that one in the past on a scar with good results.
(Article dates from July 31, 1997)
HOLISTIC HEALTH & BEAUTY (IRL.) LTD.
I (C.B.) quote from their site regarding a liquid medicine against sweet itch:
Dosage:
Euro-Natural Products US (= Producer of / Hersteller von Ökozon)
Natural Animal Feeds, Penrhos, Raglan Monmouthshire NP5 2DJ, Great Britain
Hoof & Hide
Contains MSM, a bio-available source of sulphur which is in turn a major constituent of hooves, hair and skin. Independent trials (Royal Dick Veterinary College) showed an 85% increase in hoof growth over a 3 month period when fed Hoof & Hide, as opposed to only 4% increase when supplemented with straigh Biotin. In addition to MSM it contains zinc, calcium and vitamin A, all important for hooves, hair and skin condition. Many show producers use Hoof & Hide as it encourages a glossy coat. It can also be effective in tackling skin problems such as poor coat growth or Sweet Itch. 700 g will last 50 days.
Cited from:
CHAMOMILE (Deutsch: Kamille) -- a pleasantly scented low growing annual herb which has daisy-like flowers that appear in mid-summer. It contains calcium, calanduline and potassium. Azulene can be extracted from its fresh flowers. It also has antiseptic properties. It is also regarded as a sedative. It is useful in nervous or high strung horses and chamomile can be used on burns, stings, bruises, sweet itch, or dermatitis. German chamomile is an herbal extract that typically contains 1% apigenin and 0.5% essential oil as active components; historically used as a carminative, anti-infective and anti-inflammatory.
GARLIC (Deutsch: Knoblauch) -- an expectorant and stimulant herb that consists of strong aromatic compounds that have antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties. Garlic oil contains vitamins A, B2, B3 and C, sulfur compounds, crotonaldehyde, minerals and trace elements. It is used for both herbal therapy (externally and internally) and as food flavoring. It is useful in respiratory disorders and for soothing burns and sores. In animals the aromatic compounds are excreted through the skin helping to ward off insects. Animal use has included being a fly repellent, a blood cleanser, in the control of sweet itch, in the reduction of worms, in cases of arthritis and rheumatism, and in reducing blood cholesterol and blood pressure. Chinese garlic is an herbal extract that typically contains 1% total allicin potential as active components; historically used as an immunostimulant, antithrombotic and for high cholesterol.
Found at:
ESTABLISHED 1833
Sweet Itch Lotion
An aid in the prevention of sweet itch in horses
Found at:
Homeopathy for dogs and horses
Eco-Vet can also be reached by post at:
Various treatments found in scientific articles
Because Culicoides are vectors (= carriers) of the nematodes that cause Onchocerciasis (a ventral midline dermatitis caused by an insect called Onchocerca cervicalis) it is also important to treat horses regularly (very 8 to 10 weeks) with ivermectine / Equalan (the best deworming agent at present).
Desensitization with increasing amounts of allergens (i.e. saliva of Culicoides) as well as a related technique (neutralization, see the information by the REACT clinic on this page) is still in its infancy, mainly due to a lack of suitable allergen cocktails, very few research having been or being done and the difficulty to treat horses according to a very strict "timetable" over a prolonged period of time. Also, a risk possible later hypersensibility caused by the desensitization therapy is reported.
Other products:
Mineral oil on tail and mane
Avon Skin-So-Soft bath 50:50 mixed with water
Tar shampoo or sulfur/salicylic acid shampoo
Hydrocortisone spray (in moderation!) on particularly inflamed areas
Oral corticosteroides sometimes very effective but may only be given if there is no underlying predisposition to laminitis (a hoof disorder): prednison or prednisolon 1 mg/kg every 12-24 hours at the beginning until the itching has subsided, then 400-500 mg very 48 hours
or dexametason 0.05-0.1 mg/kg i.m. daily. But take care of side effects such as (abdominal problems, hyperexcitability or lethargy.
Antihistaminica are quite useless, you could maybe try hydroxyzine 500-600 mg/kg 2-3x daily
Another suggestion are essential fatty acids but they are expensive.
Insecticides / insect repellents:
Permethrin-Citronellol (= Wellcare Emulsion), an insect repellent that is unfortunately not waterproof
Culicoides are bad fliers, wind will reduce the attacks; ventilators have been proposed to alleviate the situation. Also, a wet environment creates a good living habitat for Culicoides. Therefore the surroundings of the stable should be kept dry.
Found at:
Marigold Cream, 200 grams, USD 14.00
Found at:
Itch-b-gone, 8 oz. bottle, USD 9.94
Anti-Itch Lotion (10% Australian Tea Tree Oil solution):
Gsteigstrasse 28
(Ms Riqué also sells the Boett pyjama.)
Found at www.equisan.de
Found at www.wiemerskamper.de
A visitor of this site wondered whether Culicoides would be susceptible for ultrasound since sometimes claims can be heard for ultrasound being a possible repellent against mosquitos and/or other insects. I checked this hint and found information on the Net, even from producers of such devices, that insects unfortunately are "deaf" to such measures (www.pestchaser.com/pcfaqs.html#quest14 and www.ianr.unl.edu/ianr/douglas/mosquito.htm). The idea of a horse with loudspeakers and a solar battery on its neck had already started to become an appealing option in my mind...
Found at:
Medication for Summer Eczema, described in an article on an ointment bases on glycerol ethers, developed by Davið Ingason and Gisli Þór Jónsson; in: Eiðfaxi International Nr. 2, 1994, 18-19
Found in "Freizeit im Sattel, 4, 1995:
Found in Eiðfaxi International 5, 1999, p. 45:
Found in Eiðfaxi International 3, 1999, p. 36:
By personal communication (May 2000):
(June 2000:)
(July 2000:)
Jeukstop (= "Itch-stop"), made from essential oils
Culivetsem
SkinGuard Fluid
Natural Skin - a liquid herbal food additive; according to the producer it cleans the liver and the kidneys and thereby improves the skin condition dramatically
January 2001:
Interesting information on food additives (minerals, copper ,selenium, zinc) (LEXA-Kräutermineral, Derma Fit)
can be found at www.lexafutter.de
Nutripferd - food additive on the basis of algae, conatining many minerals, trace elements and rare earths
Kombinationstherapie mit HAPPY HORSE, PARASIT-EX und WUNDerTROPFEN,
Tipps, gefunden bei www.pferdebox.at/archiv/ekzem.asp
http://sweet-itch.iceryder.net contains several recipies for food additives and direct skin treatment.
Equiderma skin lotion
Natural Animal Feeds Ltd. (www.nutri.org) recommend the use of non toxic insect repellants: methyl-sulphonyl-methane (MSM) and zinc sulphate cream (to affected areas), as well as methyl-sulphonyl-methane (MSM); and free radical scavenging complex - antioxidants.
www.floridahorse.com/vetherbs/prodinfo.html#sweet
Horses Etc.
(By personal communication, in Dutch only):
Hoefsmederij Horsepower
Im Artikel "Was tun beim Sommerekzem? von Dr. Lutz Müller, Tierarzt (siehe http://www.horsetrack.de/magazin/artikel.php3?ma_id=5&artikelnummer=1012) wird u.a. die Verabreichung von flüssiger Bierhefe empfohlen.
Gayne Prospero Ltd.
March 2002:
June 2002:
July 2003:
November 2003:
February 2004:
March 2005:
Solfax
May 2005:
June 2009:
Please make sure to check also the 400+ entries from visitors to ItchBase. Many of them mention a multitude of treatment methods not included here!
Biting midge (Culicoides spp.): This insect has such intense feeding habits that just its biting causes an allergic dermatitis.
Pasture Management
Few horses escape exposure to internal parasites. Favorable temperatures and moisture help the eggs in manure hatch and develop into infective-stage larvae. As a horse grazes, it eats these immature adults that attach to the blades of grass. The horse's own feces maintains the supply of worms for itself and other horses in the same pasture. Several techniques are used on many horse farms to lower the amount of fecal contamination and reduce the likelihood of exposure to the horse.
to Lisa Zito re:sweet itch---Try this: wash the affected area with a mild anti-bacterial soap. Pat dry and rub in a little Benadryl 2% cream (don't use the gel or lotion) then liberally dust the affected area with Gold Bond Extra Strength powder. I started using this on my gelding 3 years ago. I've seen remarkable improvement, and this year I only treated him once. It works for me, and you don't have to rely on steroids. By the way, you may need to do it *very* often at first, possibly daily, until the sores crust over dry and no new sores are apparent. The zinc oxide really dries them up and helps to relieve the itch. The Benadryl is only for the swelling. Once you've got it under control, you really only need the powder. (Generic zinc oxide powder works well, too. But I've found the zinc oxide cream doesn't work at all.) Good Luck!
Kathleen J Turner (n2equines@juno.com)
E-mail address unknown; Australia?
Hi,
I live on the desert southwest, and I continually have problems with some of my mares getting the itch. They rub their mane's and tails out, they rub their ears and face. I keep them sprayed for bugs and I have used every remedy I have heard of to no avail. My vet suggested that I move my horses to higher ground for the summer. But I cannot do that! He claims that the itch is from the "midge" bug, and alot of horses that live near a river suffer from it. I am not so sure that it is a allergic reaction to these bites. Can anyone help me?
Debbie
(answer given:)
Hi Debbie, you are not alone with this problem, our old mare had it real bad, we live in Queensland Australia we get lots of strong sunlight and either high humidity in summer or dry weather in winter
We think it is caused by the following,
Good luck. Alex and Teresa, who is the horse guru here I am the scribe.
From tryznar@mail.cosmosbbs.com Tue Jun 30 13:26:56 1998
My wife (a pharmacist) has been working on a lotion or spray to apply to her Haflinger pony for itching for several years. Her pony has itched every year to the extent that he would itch out large amounts of his mane. He also would itch his stomach and face very badly. She has tried just about every commercial product with no success. Until this year. She has come up with a formula that has proven to be 99% successful for his itching problem. We had thought about marketing the product but we are looking for several people who have the same problem to try some of this mixture for FREE. The only catch is you have to apply it as directed and keep us posted as far as how well its worked on your horse. If there is anyone with a horse that has a severe itch problem please email us at
"Gold Bond Medicated Powder" has been mentioned as a possible remedy in a news group article.
E-mail communication received on 22 April 1999 from Claudia Molitor:
I have heard about a new treatment for sweet itch. It's homoepathic and is called:
"Allergosal" (containing: Apic Mellifica C6, Arsenicum Jodatum C12, Urtica Urens C6) and "Dermisal" (containing: Sulfur C30)
These products can be bought at any pharmacy and they are not very expensive (10 x 2 ml ampoules cost approx. DEM 20 / EUR 10).
The products must be injected under the horse's skin (subcutaneously). For prophylactic treatment the proposal of the manufacturer says: inject both products (4ml from each product) together every three days during the sweet itch season. If the horse already shows the typical sweet itch symptoms, then both products must be injected approx. every 3 - 4 days subcutaneously but only 2 ml from each product. For details please contact the manufacturer. It is not a big affair for anybody to give a horse a subcutaneous injection - you do not need a doctor for this - only a bit of practice! I also have heard from the Pharma company Weimer, that it is no problem to give the products via the mouth of the horses - but the horse's mouth has to be free of any food rests. Do not put the products into the drinkingwater or on a piece of bread or apple - the horses mouth must be taste-free!
Attention: these products to not cure the sweet itch but help the horse to be itch-free as long as you inject the products. Cortison, Penicillin and Antibiotica should not be used during the treatment, as homoepathic products will not work then. Also be careful by using etheric oils in combination with homoepathic products - they can also disturb or destroy the effect of the homoepathic treatment.
Prof. Dr. Heiner Sommer performed tests with approx. 34 horses. The results were as follows:
9 horses without any result = 26%
The products (each 2 ampouls of each 2 ml Dermisal and Allergosal (4 ml per product), subcutaneously) produced the following results in 30 Icelandic horses:
3 days after the first injection symptom-free 10 horses=33%
For more information contact:
Biokanol Pharma GmbH
or please contact
Prof. Dr. H. Sommer
Furthermore, very good results were achieved with the AE-Emulsion from Aegidienberg. It cures the skin and keeps the Culicoides and other insects away from the skin. It is easy to use and does not disturb or irritate the affected skin. It is not very expensive:
500 ml approx. DEM 35,00 / EUR 17,50
Last season we used approx. 5 bottles of 500 ml each for one horse.
Please contact:
Gestüt Aegienberg
Best regards and hello to everybody with the same problems.....
Claudia Molitor
From a newsgroup posting (1999):
(An advice by a German vet who suggests homoepathic treatment:)
Hallo Natalie,
Zusätzlich kannst du Traumeel-Salbe lokal auftragen; die Stellen vorher mit medizinischer Waschlösung reinigen, um bakteriellen Infektionen vorzubeugen.
Viel Glück , Gruß Sandra
E-mail received on 7 Dec. 2001:
E-Mail von Melanie Letters, 1. Nov. 2001
De Lippizzaner Vereniging Nederland beschrijft in een artikel uit 2011 de vorderingen in het wetenschappelijk onderzoek naar de genetische ooorzaken van zomereczeem:
Postfach 1040
D-65836 Sulzbach/Taunus
Telefon +49 (6196) 75700
- Erste Hilfe bei Verletzungen
- Abszeß, Allergie, Arthritis
- Rückenprobleme
- Kolik, Husten, Durchfall, Nasenausfluß
- Hufprobleme, Hufrehe, Mauke
- Nervosität und Erregbarkeit
- Hautpilz, Satteldruck
- Verletzungen von Sehnen, Bändern und Muskeln
- Sommerekzem, Gallen
In: Eiðfaxi International, 2/1998, p. 44-47
Comment (C.B.): I believe that this article is quite over-optimistic. It also attracted by the way some very negative readers' mail directed at some statements made by. Dr. Rettig. The colour and gender independence of the allergy is stressed indeed by most authors although some report a slightly higher incidence in male animals with a dark colour.
In Eiðfaxi International 4, 1998, p. 20, two letters from readers were published that contained quite severe criticism of Dr. Rettig's article.
ES MUSS NICHT IMMER GLEICH EKZEM SEIN ( in: Das Islandpferd Nr. 68/1999, 37-38)
WER MIT EKZEMPFERDEN ZÜCHTET, VERSTÖSST GEGEN DEN TIERSCHUTZ (in: Das Islandpferd Nr. 68/1999, 38)
The author describes one ongoing and one planned (1999) research project in Iceland: The first project that started in 1997 and tries to explain the genetic and environmental factors contributing to sweet itch. The other project is directed towards isolation of the allergenic substances or the proteins in the saliva of Culicoides midges and the subsequent cloning of the DNA of these proteines. The ultimate goal is the development of a DNA vaccination. The article reports that trials with such DNA vaccination in mice are capable to influence allergic reactions. It is hoped that such a vaccination can function both prophylactically and therapeutically.
In many lotions etc. the ingredients are not made public which is in my (C.B.) view a serious disadvantage. As is the case with cars, stereo equipment and food in a supermarket, the user/consumer can expect full disclosure of the active substances, he has a definite and absolute right to know what kind of chemicals he/she is going to apply. Some of the ingredients could be allergic themselves and thus endanger - in this case - the animal. Users should press for openness.
I (C.B.) have used the following methods:
Deutsche Version: Boett® Pyjama und dazu weitere Details
Nederlandse versie: Boett® pyjama plus aanvullende gegevens
Starting in 2002 Boett look-alikes have appeared on the market:
Seit ca. 2002 gibt es auch Alternativen zu Boett:
Sinds ca. 2002 zijn er ook met Boett vergelijkbare producten op de markt:
Aranka Ouwehand (NL) has performed some interesting and very successful pyjama experiments with canvas and flag-cloth (60 K) on her Andalusian and her Lusitano. The artist Christo certainly would be pretty jealous.
Deutsche Version
Nederlandse versie
I have no personal experience so far with anti-allergy treatment.
with for example information on a new product not mentioned here.
10 ml =>1 00 kg
20 ml => 200 kg
30 ml => 300 kg
40 ml => boven 300 kg
Gehalte: 37 g/l
Toxicologische groep: Synthetische pyrethroide
Toelatingsnummer: 1293N (WI)
Kempenlandstraat 33
5262 GK Vught
The Netherlands
Niet eten, drinken of roken tijdens gebruik.
Draag geschikte handschoenen en een beschermingsmiddel voor de ogen.
Geen vijvers, stromen en sloten met het produkt of gebruikte flakon besmetten.
Coxpark
Gunnislake
Cornwall
PL18 9BD
UK
BOX 188219
CARLSBAD
CALIFORNIA 92009
TEL 1-800-526-7469
FAX 760-591-7787
Web: http://www.eqyss.com
E-Mail: eqyss@eqyss.com
Micro Tek spray is a leave-on spray whose protective ingredients continue to work for over 24 hours. It promotes healthy skin and coat by eliminating skin conditions while adding protein to strengthen damaged areas and prevents conditions from spreading.
Telephone: 519-638-2018
Fax: 519-638-3617
E-mail: ralph@horseherbs.com Sweet Itch Herb Mixture
Actions: Astringent, diuretic, anti-septic, diaphoretic, anti-inflammatory, weak anthelmintic
Uses: Skin disorders such as sweet itch and other irritants
Unit 7&8, Enterprise Centre, Tuamgraney, Co. Clare,
Registered Manufacturers of Natural Veterinary Products
Tel : +353 (0)61 921766 Fax : +353 (0)61 921767
E-mail : premheal@tinet.ie
WWW: http://homepage.tinet.ie/~premheal/Equine/SwItchSp.html
NORTH PERROTT
CREWKERNE
SOMERSET
ENGLAND
TA18 7SH
FAX: +44 1460 78302
1-800-359-8076
Producer:
Gestüt Aegidienberg
Peter Staffel-Straße 13
53604 Bad Honnef
Germany
Tel.: +49 (2224) 80030
Fax: +49 (2224) 89362
web: www.aegidienberger.de/ae/ae.html
Insect bites, too much protein in the food, too much sunshine, allergy against young grass in the spring like clover, lucerne and weeds, allergy against certain insect repellents.
Add herbal mixture from February onward to clean kidneys and liver (hm, do the French extrapolate their perennial personal "vin rouge" problems to horses ;=) ? (C.B.)) The high sulphur content of these herbs (Hilton Cooler, see previous article) cleans the blood and repels insects.
4A Ford Airfield Industrial Estate
Ford
Arundel
West Sussex BN18 0BE
Greeat Britain
Tel: (01903) 733133
Fax: (01903) 733818
E-Mail: TC@triple-crown.demon.co.uk
10 grms/day
review after 4/5 weeks
then feed to suit circumstances
Private Akademie für Pferde, Freizeit und Kommunikation
Teebaumöl-Creme
Fuchsienweg 20
1220 Wien (= Vienna)
Austria
phone +43 (1) 2825234
fax +43 (1) 282523422
Anti-Itch products:
Hestamix (special food)
Knoblizem (P.S.: "Knoblauch" = garlic) (ointment)
Bügengasse 7
8200 Gleisdorf
Austria
phone +43 (3112) 2430
fax +43 (3112) 3960
Anti-Itch products:
Puritus Tea Tree Lotion
Australian Tea Tree Oil
Schwarzkümmelöl (black carrywee seed oil)
Schönaugürtel 26
8010 Graz
Austria
phone +43 (316) 823561
fax +43 (316) 813561
Special Sweet Itch leaflet available on request
250 ml = ATS 149
1000 ml = ATS 519
250 ml = ATS 195
500 ml = ATS 330
1000 ml = ATS 550
(updated daily)
(1998)
E-mail: betic@yahoo.com
WWW: http://www.dot-ie.com/holistic/equine.html
A: 1 drop on sugar lump morning and evening for the first 21 days. Then if somewhat better reduce to once per day for 60 days.
However continue at 2 doses per day for longer if not better after 21 days.
B: 1 drop on a sugar lump for 30 days at 1 dose per day.
1 x 10ml & 1 x 20ml Phial Price GBP 45.00
Product Contains: ARSEN.ANTC
Breisder Straße 81
51503 Rösrath
Deutschland / Germany
Tel. +49 (2203) 9795211
Tel. +49 (172) 2634001 Shipping / Versand
Tel. +49 (172) 2634002 Advice / Beratung
Fax: +49 (172) 2634004
http://www.bardseymills.demon.co.uk/NAF.htm
Tel: +44 (1600) 780256 Fax: +44 (1600) 780536
Freephone Information Line (in UK): 0800 373106
http://www.nutritionfarm.com/glossary/herbalgloss.htm
http://www.day-son-hewitt.co.uk/
Day Son & Hewitt
St George's Quay
Lancaster LA1 5QJ
England
Tel: 00 44 (0)1524 381821 Fax: 00 44 (0)1524 32080
E.mail info@day-son-hewitt.co.uk
Animal Health Products
An oily lotion for application to the mane and tail of horses. For use as an aid in the prevention of sweet itch in horses.
Directions for Use: Apply the lotion in advance of the start of the season when the midge Culicoides becomes active (April).
First Application: Apply liberally to the mane and tail with a soft brush, parting the hair on the mane and tail to apply the lotion to the skin.
Subsequent Applications: Top up once or twice daily with a smaller amount of lotion thoroughout the spring, summer and early autumn. After shampooing the mane or tail, a heavy application should be made again. Horses which are prone to sweet itch should be stabled if possible at dawn and dusk.
Active Ingredients: Piperonyl Butoxide (100%) 0.5% v/v added as Piperonyl Butoxide BP (Vet). Pyrethrum Extract BP (Vet) 0.4% v/v.
Size Available: 500 ml
http://www.ecovet.co.za/ecoeczema.html
Eco-Vet
PO Box 3301
Cramerview 2060
South Africa
Phone +27 11 465 2065
Cellular Phone 083 653 4808
e-Mail: dralex@ecovet.co.za
Cypermethrine, another repellent
Mira / DEET from Bayer (= same substance as in the human mosquito protection cream "Autan"); helpful for a single day
http:www.vineherbal.com
http://www.bethurum.com/pets/itchbgone.html
Kathrine Riqué-Popp
CH-8049 Zürich
Switzerland
Phone +41 (1) 3417423 + 3421313
Fax +41 (1) 3421511
E-Mail info@ugz.ch
"Equisan" , an anti-itch product, info via fax at +49 (6841) 924522 or E-mail at equisan@t-online.de
Apotheker Uwe Scherer, D-66424 Homburg (Germany)
Wiemerskamper Pflegeöl - an oil/herb mixture that was developed for a specific horse and is now also for sale.
www.dds.nl/~horses/lotion.htm
Hennic Paardtotaal "TKC.97", product number A00001
A lotion, produced in Belgium and sold by a Dutch farrier, phone/fax +31 (50) 4095910
NLG 135 per liter, to by sprayed on the affected areas.
Successful daily treatment of a sweet-itch sufferer with fresh human urine.
A short report by Margarete Palsson from Sweden mentioning a total success with a special diet: she gives her horses hey with a high percentage of digestable raw proteins plus a kind of "müsli" pellets wiht 78 g/kg digestible raw protein. The horses do not get fresh grass. Daily protein intake is 350 - 450 g/day. The pellets contain some oats. Horses that need more energy get some extra oats. Mrs Palson believes that the right kind and a quite high dose of of proteines - opposite to what is reported by many others - keeps her horses symptom-free.
Pilz-Impfstoff hilft gegen Sommerekzem
The German pharmaceutical firm Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica produces the fungicidal vaccin Insol-Dermatophyton which is not intended for the treatment of sweet itch. Many vets though have reported an until now unexplained drastic improvement of fresh sweet-itch cases provided the vaccin is injected in a double dose. Dr. Albrecht Fenner of Vetmedica is at present trying to find the reasons for this positive side-effect. Jochim Marold has published a dissertation on that subject (see literature).
I (C.B.) have recently (January 2000) heard rumours of possible very negative side-effects such as a fungus in one horse and grave skin rashes in another some 3 months after injection, although it is not known whether there is any connection.
Aromaitch lotion
Price per unit: GBP 13.95 / approx USD 20.72
Producer:
Equinat Natural Horse Care Products / Aromesse
Croft Farm
Blyton Carr
Gainsborough, Lincs DN21 3EN
Great Britain
E-mail: sales@aromesse.com
web: www.aromesse.com
Some contributors to ItchBase report a high success rate with this product.
Sweet-Itch Healer (for acute wounds)
Sweet-Itch Control (for maintenance)
2 liquid gels with the following active ingredients: zink oxide, calamine, garlic oil, citronella oil, lavender oil and mirrhe
The gel is based on a neutral synthetic and water-resistant substance that will stick on the skin even in the rain. It does not contain proteins that could stimulate bacteria growth.
Packaging: 2 x 300 ml non-aerosol pump spray
Available only via your vet; cost at the vet approx. NLG 30 per bottle
See also www.boesjesproducts.com
www.boesjes.com
info@boesjesproducts.com
Producer:
Silverlinde
Landgoed "Yzer Heck"
Achter Emer 19
4824 ZA Breda
The Netherlands
Tel./fax +31 (76) 5424688
Website: www.silverlinde com
E-mail: margriet@silverlinde.com
Allergitum
Prodier skin lotion
Itch-Cure (made from "St-Janskruid" oil, lavender oil, Plantago extract, Calendula oil, Algeae extract)
Producer:
Puur Natuur
Tel. +31 (294) 430830
E-mail: pnatuur@euronet.nl
100 ml tube DEM 19,95
A lotion made from tea tree oil (melaleuca alternifolia), camomille (alpha-bisobolol), D-panthenol (provitamin B5), Lanette N, paraffine, white vaseline, water
Producer:
Bio-Farm
Heim- und Nutztierbedarf GmbH
Im Sonnenschein 14
45219 Essen-Kettwig
Germany
Tel. +49 (2054) 970990
Fax +49 (2054) 970991
Dealer in Switzerland:
Mrs Kathrine Riqué-Popp
Gsteigstrasse 28
8049 Zürich
Switzerland
Tel. +41 (1) 3417423 + 3421313
Fax +41 (1) 3421511
E-Mail: info@ugz.ch
Mrs Riqué is also dealer for Boett© pyjama's.
DEM 159,- / EUR 81,29 per unit
Made from formic acid, protein, alcohol, fat, apple acid, potassium, acetic acid, fibres, lactic acid and herbs
Producer:
Tibetan Herbs GmbH
Die fünf Morgen
35410 HUNGEN
GERMANY
Tel. +49 (6402) 50095
Fax +49 (6402) 50096
www.tibetanherbs.de
info@tibetanherbs.de
Lotion auf Molkebasis / Lotion on the basis of whey
Anja Burkhardt / Pferdewirtschaftsmeisterin (Zucht und Haltung)
Neudorf 11
31637 Rodewald
Deutschland / Germany
Tel: +49 (5074) 92 48 69
Mobil: +49 (172) 9 45 13 80
eMail: anja-burkhardt@web.de
Herstellung/Production:
Geißlers Molkeprodukte
Maßholderstr. 7
72160 Horb-Bittelbronn
Deutschland / Germany
Tel: +49 (7486) 96 36 69
Fax: +49 (7486) 96 36 67
LEXA Tierernährung / X. Scheule GmbH
Dr. med. vet. Katharina Möbius
Riedweg 12
D-87757 Kirchheim/Allgäu
Deutschland / Germany
Telefon 08266/86 25 0
Fax 08266/86 25 28
info@lexafutter.de
Neomed Pharma GmbH
Moltkestraße38
23564 Lübeck
Deutschland / Germany
Tel. +49 (451) 795024
Fax +49 (451)792895
www.nutripferd.de
BIAROM
4102 Binningen
biarom@biarom.ch
www.biarom.ch
Tel. +41 (61) 421 50 91
Fax +41 (61) 421 49 83
Fliegenabwehr: Teebaumöl, Anti-Insekt, Equimin, Fliegen-Stop-Konzentrat
Zusatzfutter: Biotin, Bronco San Elektrolyte, Super Codlivine Lebertranöl, Leinsamen (nicht als "Mash"), Lecksteine, Crunchies
Wundbehandlung: Teebaumöl Lotion, Wundspray "Seal to Heal", Desinfektionsspray (mit Teebaumölzusatz), Melkfett (Teebaumöl zum Verdünnen)
TELESIS EQUESTRIAN CENTER
3319 36th Ave. East.
Palmetto, Florida, 34221
Tel. +1 (941) 722-8928 or +1 (800) 573-1020
www.telesispet.com/equiderma.html
mentions various herbs and their effect on skin conditions:
Matricario chamomilla, chamomile, is one of the herbs used to treat
this problem. This herb has anti-inflammatory benefits and is often
used to control the itching of eczema and insect bites.
Allium sativum, garlic, is an antibiotic and is widely used
to treat fungal infections.
Rosmarinus officinalis, rosemary, a favorite herb in and out of the kitchen, helps to increase bloodflow to the afflicted area, promoting healing.
It also works as an analgesic, providing relief from
the discomfort of the condition.
Calendula off., or marigold, has antiseptic, anti-fungal and
anti-inflammatory properties and is often used in
homeopathic skin remedies.
Filipendula ulmaria, or meadowsweet, adds analgesic relief to its
list of properties, along with anti-inflammatory
and soothing characteristics.
Echinacea helps to boost the immune system to fight infections
Mentha spp., or mint, is soothing and excellent when used to
treat skin complaints
Dr E O and Mrs Jennifer Greaves
Rhos Uchaf Hall
Llanfynydd
Nr. Wrexham LL11 5HR
Wales
United Kingdom
Tel. +44 (1352) 771718
Fax +44 (1352) 771717
www.sweet-itch.com
info@sweet-itch.com
They offer general information as well as some treatments (sale of Boett pyjamas, ointments, shampoos), publish a well-written printed newsletter and found out that Boett pyjamas are accepted as a treatment by various British veterninary insurance companies!!!
Nico Gorter
Esweg 31
9475 TM Midlaren
Nederland
Tel./fax: +31 (50) 409 5910
GSM: +31 (6) 53794282
nicogorter@planet.nl
www.etrade.nl/hor00003
Hoefsmederij / Horsepower Nico Gorter
Product: TKC 97
Functie: TKC 97 is een lotion die vermijdt dat paarden en pony’s zich schuren (vooral in de zomer). De lotion houd ook vliegende insecten uit hun omgeving. Zeer doeltreffend bij zomerschuren van staart en manen.
SAMENSTELLING: petroliumderivaat, etherische oliën, natuurlijke kleurstoffen.
Gebruiksaanwijzing.
1. Staart en manen goed reinigen (TKC shampoo).
2. Staart en manen goed laten drogen.
3. TKC 97 gedurende 30 sec. goed schudden voor gebruik.
4. Breng TKC 97 met behulp van de spuitdop op de manen aan, zowel links als rechts, ter hoogte van de haarwortels op de huid daarna goed inmasseren met de hand.
5. Voor de staart; start dezelfde handeling 10 centimeter boven de inplanting van de staart en breng TKC 97 onder de staartharen aan vervolgens goed inmasseren met de hand.
6. Tijdens de behandeling TKC 97 regelmatig opnieuw schudden.
Werkwijze:
De eerste maal herhalen tot paard/pony stopt met schuren, in de praktijk komt dit neer op 2 à 3 keer, daarna als nodig ca. 1x in de week. (zeker niet dagelijks, neem zonodig even contact met ons op)
Opmerkingen:
1. Uitsluitend uitwendig gebruik bij paarden en pony’s.
2. Eventueel handschoenen en veiligheidsbril dragen.
3. Buiten bereik van kinderen houden.
4. Bewaren bij kamertemperatuur.
5. TKC 97 is niet schadelijk of giftig.
Leveringsvorm:
1 literfles met spuitdopje en afsluitdop
1/2 literfles met spuitdopje en afsluitdop
Voordeel:
Na behandeling met TKC 97 mag paard of pony op normale wijze onderhouden worden. TKC 97 bevat de eigenschap geruime tijd actief te blijven op de huid, zelfs bij transpiratie of lichte regenval.
Prijs: af Midlaren:
1 liter NLG 125
1/2 liter NLG 70
(excl. rembours-/verzendkosten)
(Dr. Müller recommends, amongst other things, the use of liquid beer yeast to fight sweet itch. Also, he mentions stress caused by transport and competition events as contributing to sweet itch.)
4, Dorset Place
Blandford Forum
Dorset
DT11 7RQ
United Kingdom
Tel. +44 (0)1258-488373
Fax +44 (0)1258-480740
gp-equr@talk21.com and info@ayneprospero.com
www.gayneprospero.com
They sell a product called "Beelzebug" made from an African tree. They claim that insects landing on this substance it are unable to feed, bite or mate.
Magnetics (http://magnetics.org.uk) sell magnetic foot straps "BIOFLOW® Horse Boots". I quote: "Central Reverse Polarity (CRP) modules now in breathable Stomatex (exclusive to Ecoflow). Customers report a great success with horses suffering from 'sweet itch'."
I (cb) received the following personal communication from Anne Woerth-Memheld:
"Hello,
Some years ago we bred Haflinger ( near Strasbourg in France) in an area full of culicoids, and we met few cases of sweet itch. Not only and not especially by our horses but also by neighbours' horses arabs, fjords, shetlands, appaloosas,...). And these horses were clearly helped by a product that our veterinary surgeon advised us.
Hoping in could help others horses
Regards
---
Our French veterinary surgeon, Doctor Florentin, a famous equine specialist, retired some years ago. He had studied the beneficial effects on sweet itch of a product, jointly with equine veterinary surgeons Switzerland and Canadian. (in French = Dermite estivale récidivante equine, D.E.R.E.).
The causes of diseases "sweet itch types" are numerous, but when sweet itch diagnostic is confirmed, here is the remedy Doctor Florentin advised us successfully.
We used successfully this product (simple and effective) which already helped horses in the East of France, in Switzerland, in South-Germany, in Belgium and in Canada.
It is corticoid based, used at weak concentration and only punctually, named VETALOG but not sold anymore in France under this name, nor as veterinary pharmaceutical. Today in France, this product named "KENACORT retard", is sold as a human pharmaceutical. So, at least in France, the "Kenacort retard" must be prescribed by a veterinary surgeon. "Retard" can be translated as "delay" because the impact of this Kenacort is delayed in time. This "retard effect" is key for the efficiency of the product.
Hereafter the copy of the prescription:
"KENACORT retard, 80 mg, 3 ampoules.
An ampoule, injected through the breast muscle, at 8 days of interval. The third ampoule is only to be used if the 2 first ampoules were not efficient enough (could be injected later in the season)
Composition of this suspension, one 2 ml ampoule by injection: (thus 2 in all, even 3 if necessary):
- Triamcinolone Acetonide, 40 mg/ml
- benzylic alcohol 18 mg
Laboratory Brystol-Myers Squibb. Packing barcode: 31584570700337
Price: EUR 5.15 per ampoule, therefore for less than EUR 16 a horse is relieved during 1 year!!!
It is essential to:
- strictly respect the 8 days of interval between the 2 injections. For example, first injection a Sunday morning, second injection the next Sunday morning.
- begin the first injection BEFORE the season of the biting flies, for example, at the end of January. Thus, the 2 injections will be efficient for all the following hot season. And so, a cure of 2 injections per annum will be enough.
If not, the third injection will be made. This can be the case when the treatment is started whereas the horse was already bitten by the flies or that the horse already presents obvious signs of sweet itch.
This treatment should be renewed each year (at the end of January).
If the treatment is applied for the first time to a horse very strongly attacked by sweet itch (bloody wither and tail, during a hot and wet August), the injections will relieve the horse very clearly, however it is possible that the horse is slightly itching again after few following weeks when new hairs will push back through the damaged skin.
On the other hand, the horse will be quiet the following year if its
treatment is not forgotten in January!
No annoying side effects according to our veterinary surgeon. Only a trend of some horses to keep longer their winter dress and sometimes a rougher hair. If the horse is close to blood, a loss of appetite could be observed during ten days. If the horse is participating in sporting competition, it will be necessary to stop competition for 3 weeks, as traces of Kenacort can be found during blood control.
Additionally, a regular application of grease (the type used on milking cows ["uierzalf" in Dutch; remark by cb]) at the tail, points ears, sleeve, udders, breast gives a real comfort.
About the established sensitivity of certain horses species to the sweet itch:
- Icelander, Haflinger, Arab, Shetland, Fjord. Especially hardy species and their crossbreeds.
Our veterinary surgeon told us that a direct family transmission was not established: for example, that it was not proven that a stallion having sweet itch transmits its sweet itch trend to its descendants, and that sweet itch appeared in free known families hitherto. He spoke rather about global sensitivity of these horse species, having all be consanguineous at one moment. He did not judge relevant to eliminate from the breeding horses with traces of sweet itch. Especially as sweet itch can appear, at all ages, on horses hitherto healthy but moved in areas strongly contaminated with biting insects, culicoïdes in particular!
Speak to your veterinary surgeon. He will be able to prescribe you this "KENACORT retard" (or VETALOG) if the product is not freely sold in your country.
Sweet Itch Salve Complete
A cream produced by
Net-Tex Ltd
Priestwood
Harvel
Meopham
Kent DA13 0DA
Great Britain
T +44 (1474) 813999
F +44 (1474) 812112
W www.net-tex.co.uk
E info@net-tex.co.uk
Mr Kevin Perry
I quote from the label:
Contents:
D.E.E.T. - Insect Repellent
Calamine - Soothes
Petrolatum + Carnation Oil - Weather Protector
Tea Tree Oil - Disinfects
Peppermint Oil - Coolant
Allantoin - Skin & Hair Regemeration
Plus Natural Extracts
Benzyl Benzoate - Insect Repellent
The only product that guarantees to take care of the cause and symptoms of sweet itch in horses and ponies
The only formulation guaranteed to:
soothe
sanitise
repel
help rebuild skin tissue and hair growth
weather resistant / long lasting
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
For animals liable to infection, apply in early spring to prevent symptoms taking hold. The mane, tail and rump areas are the most prone. Apply by finger or soft cloth one a week or as necessary, e.g. after heavy exercise or shampooing, sweating or persistent down pour of rain.
PRECAUTIONS
Protective gloves may be used when us~g nis Product. Some animals may be sensitive to the materials used. In such cases cease use immediately.
FOR EXTERNAL USE ONLY. Avoid contact with eyes and mucous membranes. If swallowed do not induce vomiting - seek medical attention. KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN
Package size: 600 ml
Comment C.B.: It should be noted that this product is one of the few that mention the content on the label. I was given the chance to test it but due to the fact that I received the package in July 2003 (i.e. long after the onset of the sweet itch season) I cannot yet give a judgment.
Found at: http://www.natuurlijkinbalans.nl/zomerexceem.htm
Natuurlijk in balans
Josefien Hagenaars
Panoramaberg 4b
6561 EP Groesbeek
Nederland
Tel: +31 (24) 8442447
Mobile: +31 (6) 22472021
info@natuurlijkinbalans.nl
Chevalaver: 100 % natuurlijke kruidenmix (herb mixture)
EUR 39,95 per ca. 3 maanden / months
I received a personal communication from Ms Susann Hanauer and Mr Ralf Waßmann. They describe an approach with a special treatment on the basis of the blood of the animal as developed by Roland Plocher (www.plocher.de). Their report (in German) with images can be found at www.plocher.de/newsdetails.php?newsid=19 and describes a full success.
In einer persönlichen Mitteilung machten mich Susann Hanauer and Ralf Waßmann auf eine spezielle Therapie, basierend auf einer sehr geringen Blutabnahme, aufmerksam. Den vollständigen (deutschsprachigen) Bericht mit Bildern finden Sie auf www.plocher.de/newsdetails.php?newsid=19. Die Behandlungsmethode wird als sehr erfolgreich beschrieben.
Subli
A Dutch animal fodder specialist; they sell Subli Semit Speciaalmix; this grain mixture is to be used in combination with the Eczit therapy by NovelCure (Tel +31 (573) 461170, Fax: +31 (573) 461124 or leentaal@hetnet.nl
www.subli.nl
info@subli.nl
A lotion that is advertised and which can be ordered e.g. at http://www.islandpferde.at (click on "Ekzem")
1 liter EUR 37,50; 5 liter EUR 155,00
Insicalmn® emulsie (lotion)
De Levensboom
Wernhoutseweg 142
4884 MD Wernhout
Nederland
Tel. +31 (76) 5963380 or +31 (6) 51497284
equi@levensboom.com
www.levensboom.com
Zie het persbericht op
www.phytotreat.nl/Webdocuments/Persbericht%20veterinairy.pdf over het nieuwe, aan de Universiteit Utrecht wetenschappelijk onderzochte middel PhytoTreat PT-SEO
PhytoTreat
Kraaijenbergsestraat 27
4851 RG Ulvenhout
Nederland
www.phytotreat.nl
info@phytotreat.nl
+31 (0) 6 54 944 773
Leaflet/folder of the Horse Breeders Association of Iceland in:
Fliegen- und Mückenschutzvorhang im Eingang von Offenställen
Strokengordijn voor de stalingang
Curtain stripes as fly and mosquito protection
R. Bruce Hollett, Extension Veterinarian - Equine:
Various advice on getting to grips with insects that attack horses can be found at http://www.colostate.edu/Depts/CoopExt/PUBS/LIVESTK/01202.html
1. Sand midge bites; Cure: wash the horse in a proprietary wool wash detergent,... must be wool.
2. Mites and or fungus infection.Cure: sponge area in salt water solution 1 cup salt per bucket water, use daily
3. Allergy to legume hay and direct sunlight combined. Cure: cut out legume hay and /or rug horse
4. Oncochera worm infestation just under the skin. Cure: dose with Ivermectin worm paste once then repeat three weeks after.
Date: Mon, 29 Jun 1998 22:44:08 -0400
From: Ted Ryznar
To:
Subject: Itch Lotion
tryznar@mail.cosmosbbs.com
25 horses showed results = 74%
3 days after the 2nd injection - good results or symptom-free 17 horses =57%
3 days after the 2nd injection - no results 3 horses = 10%
total = 30 horses= 100%
Kehler Straße 7
76437 Rastatt
Germany
Phone +49+7222-786790
Fax +49+7222-786799
E-mail: Biokanol-Pharma@t-online.de
Contact Persons: Mr. J. Prasse (extension +49+7222-786793) or Mrs. S. Weimer-Hartmann (extension +49+7222-786794)
Lehrstuhl für Anatomie, Physiologie und Hygiene der Haustiere
Universität Bonn
Katzenburgweg 7
53115 Bonn
Germany
2500 ml approx. DEM 150,00 / EUR 75
Peter-Staffel-Strasse 13
53604 Bad Honnef
Germany
Phone +49 (2224) 80030
Fax +49 (2224) 89382
claudia.molitor@meg.mee.com
ich bin Tierärztin und rate dir zu einer homöopathischen Behandlung des Sommerekzems, und zwar der sogenannten Eigenblutbehandlung. Meine Erfahrungen damit sind sehr gut. Suche dir aber einen Tierarzt der biologische Behandlungen durchführt bzw. wenigstens akzeptiert.
Zur Information: Im April werden 15 ml Eigenblut entnommen und mit 5 ml Traumeel versetzt. Das Gemisch wird geschüttelt und sodann subkutan injiziert. Dies ist eine vorbeugende Maßnahme, die im ersten Jahr aber schon zu einer Verminderung der Symptome führt.
Zur Stoffwechselregulation zusätzlich geben:
5ml Carduus compositum
+ 5 ml Coenzyme compositum
1x wöchentlich s.c. für 3 Wochen
und täglich 50 g Sommerekzemfutter, da teilweise die Eiweiße im Gras für eine Verschlimmerung des Sommerekzems verantwortliche sind. Sommerekzemfutter: Brennessel, Zinnkraut, Kamille, Fenchel, Thymian, Pfefferminze, Eibischwurzel und Vitamine.
Wichtig ist die Behandlung früh, d.h. Anfang März /April zu beginnen.
Nächstes Jahr würde ich Anfang März mit einer vorbeugenden Behandlung von Sulfur Heel Tabletten über 3-4- Wochen 1 x tgl. 10 Stk. über´s Maul beginnen und dann die Eigenblutbehandlung anschließen.
I came across your site looking for dewormers! I have a home remedy that worked rather well for me this summer. Here is my recipe - please let me know if anyone else has tried this concoction and if so, what proportions of ingredients did they use? (I'm always open to improvements!)
1 part nitrofurazone paste (yellow wound dressing)
1 part DMSO gel
1 part miconizal cream (women's yeast infection med)
1 part OTC hydrocortisone cream
Apply twice per day - wash thoroughly with betadine shampoo once per week or every other day depending on how sensitive the horse is. I have an Arabian filly that I used the treatment on with success - she was VERY sensitive when I applied the paste so I added the hydrocortisone cream and it helped. Please remember to wear rubber gloves while applying because DMSO and nitrofurazone penetrates the skin immediately and can bring in harmful substances and bacteria, etc.
Let me know what you think!
Colleen (ghhr@blomand.net)
Hallo,
ich wollt nur auch mal einen Tipp loswerden. Ich hab jetzt auch schon 2 Jahre lang nen Ekzemer gepflegt und konnt mir leider so teure Mittelchen nicht leisten. Da hab ich mir dann folgendes zusammengemischt (Rezept von einer Freundin):
Lebertran
Sonnenmilch
Babyöl
zu gleichen Teilen in ne Flasche und dann noch bisschen Nelkenöl dazu.
Ich hab ihn dann jeden Tag 1 mal damit eingeschmiert und es hat echt geholfen. Er hat jetzt mittlerweile schon wieder ne richtig schöne Mähne. Man muss dann allerding auch mal öfters Schweif und Mähne waschen, aber das ist ja kein Problem im Sommer.
Hoffentlich hilfts euch weiter ;-)
Gruß Melanie (melanie_letters@gmx.de)
Artikel knhs stand van zaken staart- en manenexceem
© 1997...
